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A Creative Reflective Essay Relating My Understanding of...

A Creative Reflective Essay Relating My Understanding of an Article from the Cross-Cultural Journal of Psychology: TWO DECADES OF CHANGE IN CULTURAL VALUES AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN EIGHT EAST ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLAND NATIONS (MICHAEL W. ALLEN, University of Sydney, Australia; SIK HUNG NG, City University of Hong Kong, China; KENICHI lKEDA, University of Tolcyo, Japan; JAYUM A. JAWAN, Universiti Putra Malaysia; ANWARUL HASAN SUFI, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh; MARC WILSON, Victoria University, New Zealand; KUO-SHU YANG, Fo Guang College of Humanities and Social Sciences. Taiwan) This article is the result of the authors’ desire to answer the question: ‘Do cultural values and cultural change accompany economic progress?’†¦show more content†¦Yet this issue was ignored and the short-sightedness of the survey’s design brings the results for both the 1982 and the 2002 survey into question. I do not believe it is possible to gain a true indication of the relationship between national culture and economic development using such a limiting instrument. Thirdly, I do not believe GDP is always a good indicator of the economic development of a nation. Economic development is more than a figure representing the total value of goods and services produced in a given year in comparison to total consumer, government and investment spending. Economic development is about increasing the standard of living and social wellbeing of a nation’s people in association with sustained economic growth but there does not appear to have been sufficient information collected to ascertain this was the case in all 8 nations. The USA could be considered one such example: a nation with a substantial GDP yet it has increasing deterioration in the level of general health and growing literacy issues across its population. Having critiqued the article and found what I consider to be several major flaws with the structure of the survey I still find myself in agreement with some of the survey’s findings. However, I do not agree with the recommendation for a future study that again uses Ng et al.’s (1982) survey: a new survey needs to be designed to address theShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. 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Doing Business Ion Germany Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Making Business Ion Germany Essay, Research Paper DOING BUSINESS IN GERMANY Like many other northern Europeans, Germans tend to take a deal-focused, low-context and monochronic attack to making concern. North Americans and Australians find Germans comparatively formal, southern Europeans frequently depict them as reserved and most Asians consider them really direct. Of class there are of import north/south and east/west differences in German concern imposts, non to advert important single fluctuations. Keeping this in head, the following profile describes the of import general inclinations in concern behaviour you are likely to meet whether your meeting takes topographic point in Hamburg or Munich, Leipzig or Cologne. Language of Business Many German directors are comfy carry oning concern in foreign linguistic communications, particularly English. Larger companies normally have competent English talkers on staff. However, since the linguistic communication of concern is the linguistic communication of the client, a professional export gross revenues squad should include a fluid talker of German. If the intent of your meeting is to negociate a purchase, a joint venture or strategic confederation, look into with your opposite numbers about the possible demand for an translator. Making the Initial Contact Banks play a powerful function in the German concern universe. Since it is ever utile to hold a referral you may desire to inquire your international bank to set up an debut. However, in contrast with more relationship-focused concern civilizations such as Japan, Korea, Brazil or Saudi Arabia, doing direct contact is besides a feasible option in Germany. Send a missive in good concern German along with basic information about your company and the intent of the meeting. Request an assignment with two to three hebdomads # 8217 ; progress notice. If you are doing a # 8216 ; cold # 8217 ; attack it would be appropriate to turn to correspondence to the section concerned instead than to a specific person. Once you have been introduced or have a referral you may turn to your missive to the appropriate individual. If you do non talk the linguistic communication, offer to convey along person to construe. Your opposite number will normally react that this will non be necessary but it is polite to do the offer. Avoid inquiring for a meeting during the months of July, August and December every bit good as during the Easter vacations. Besides avoid Friday afternoons and late afternoon assignments on any twenty-four hours. Deal-Focused Most Germans tend to be deal-focused in concern. That means they are by and large ready to negociate based on the sensed virtues of the trade and do non experience the demand to develop a close personal relationship with the other party before speaking concern. Rather, rapport-building takes topographic point while the two sides are discoursing the trade. Visiting negotiants can normally anticipate to acquire down to concern after merely a few proceedingss of general conversation. Orientation to Clock Germany is a strongly monochronic civilization. That is, Punktlichkeit is really of import, agendas and meeting dockets are stiffly adhered to and concern meetings are seldom interrupted. Bing on clip may really intend geting a few proceedingss early: tardiness signals undependability. If you are half an hr tardily for a meeting you may be half a month tardily with your bringing! Therefore, should you be inescapably detained be certain to phone your opposite number every bit shortly as possible to reschedule the meeting. In Frankfurt or Dusseldorf expect to follow a prepared meeting docket whereas in Paris or Lyon concern treatments are frequently less structured. Your meeting will seldom if of all time be interrupted by phone calls or unscheduled visitants. Formality, Hierarchy and Status German society retains a certain degree of societal formality which is reflected in concern protocol. Formal behaviour is a manner to demo appropriate regard to people with high rank, professional rubrics and higher academic makings, particularly in southern Germany. This can be really of import since more German directors have Ph.D # 8217 ; s than anyplace else in the universe. About 40 % of the board members of the 100 largest corporations have a physician # 8217 ; s grade. Address Dr. Wilhelm Schmidt as # 8220 ; Dr. Schmidt # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; Herr Doktor. # 8221 ; His female co-worker with a Ph.D would be # 8220 ; Frau Doktor. # 8221 ; It is polite to turn to less elevated concern contacts with Herr # 8217 ; , Frau # 8217 ; or Fraulein # 8217 ; followed by their last name. This includes secretaries. Whereas in the U.S. for illustration female secretaries are normally addressed by their first name, in Germany it is Frau Braun, # 8217 ; non Waltraudt. # 8217 ; Besides remember that adult females about 20 or older should be addressed as Frau whether married or individual. As the instance with most other European linguas, the German linguistic communication employs two different personal pronouns for you. Sie is the formal pronoun appropriate for concern relationships while the informal Du is reserved for close personal friends, little kids and pets. Stay with rubrics, household names and Sie unless and until your opposite number suggests traveling to a less formal manner of address.You can anticipate to work with a German concern opposite number for many old ages without switching to first names. German formality is besides expressed in meeting and salutation protocol. Handshakes are expected whenever you meet or leave person and this salutation is non ever accompanied with a wide smiling. Many Germans save their smilings for friends and household, sing smiling at aliens as a cockamamie, even false idiosyncrasy. Business Communication Style Relatively reserved, non given to enthusiastic public shows of emotion # 8212 ; although southern Germans are slightly more expressive. As opposed to Latin Europeans and Latin Americans, most Germans eschew broad gestures, animated facial looks and colloquial convergence. Interrupting another talker is regarded as really ill-mannered. Verbal Communication Germans by and large pride themselves on talking their head. Clarity of apprehension is the premier end of communicating. Whereas relationship-focused negotiants frequently use indirect, oblique communicating, Germans value direct, Frank, explicit, low-context linguistic communication. They sometimes suspect Arab, Asian and Latin American negotiants of seeking to misdirect them with vague, equivocal responses when in world these high-context people are merely seeking to keep harmoniousness and avoid giving discourtesy. Conversely, concern visitants from civilizations which favor indirect verbal linguistic communication should recognize that Teutonic bluntness is non meant to pique them. These yearss many German executives responsible for international concern are cognizant that Nipponese, Thais, Arabs a neodymium others value indirect, roundabout ways of stating things. But they may be less cognizant of such differences within northern Europe. Recent research by Dr. Malene Djursaa of the Copenhagen Business School shows that German negotiants are slightly more low-context ( direct ) than the Danes and well more direct than the English. This means that negotiants from even closely-related northern European civilizations may non be to the full prepared for Germanic brusqueness and preparedness to â€Å"get to the point.† Expect Germans to reply the telephone by giving their last name instead than stating # 8220 ; hello. # 8221 ; Germans tend to be uncomfortable with the burbling regards that are common in some other civilizations. Similarly, aliens are improbable to be overwhelmed with flattery # 8212 ; with one exclusion: Germans are speedy to demo grasp for a visitant # 8217 ; s attempts to talk their linguistic communication. Gestural Communication The Space Bubble The normal interpersonal distance in a concern context is about an arm # 8217 ; s length. Germans tend to stand and sit further apart than Arabs and Latins and may experience ailment at easiness when their infinite bubble # 8217 ; is invaded. Germany is besides a low-contact civilization, so expect small physical contact beyond the obligatory handshaking. Facial Expressions If a German suddenly raises his superciliums at you during a concern meeting he is may be congratulating you for holding come up with a good thought or a cagey comment. This could confound Britons # 8212 ; to whom raised superciliums frequently signify incredulity # 8212 ; every bit good as Arabs to whom raised foreheads is may be a gestural manner of stating ordinal number # 8217 ; Gestures Hand and arm gestures are restrained. It is ill-mannered ( every bit good as against the jurisprudence ) to tap one # 8217 ; s brow while looking at another individual. This is a possible job for concern visitants from the UK and Spain where the same gesture means # 8220 ; I am really cagey # 8221 ; instead than # 8220 ; You are an idiot. # 8221 ; Negociating Behavior Making a Gross saless Presentation Germans respond best to thorough, elaborate presentations supported by voluminous facts. They look for plentifulness of history and background information instead than fancy visuals. Use mentions and testimonies whenever possible. Be wary of including gags in your presentation. Humor seldom translates good and gross revenues presentations are a serious concern in Germany. . Determining Your Bargaining Scope Most Germans respond better to realistic initial citations than to the authoritative high-low # 8217 ; tactic. They may respond negatively to what they perceive as bazar haggle. See constructing a little border into your opening command to cover unexpected developments, but take attention to avoid over-inflating your initial offer. Bargaining Style Like the Japanese, German negotiants are known for really thorough readying. They are besides good known for lodging firm to their negotiating places in the face of force per unit area tactics. Decision-Making Behavior Germans take their clip to consider and to confabulate with responsible co-workers before doing an of import determination. Expect them to take more clip than Americans but possibly less than the Nipponese and most other Asians. The Contract Expression for heavy accent on the legal facets and the all right points of the written understanding. Germans tend to depend more on the diction of the contract than on the relationship with their opposite number to work out any jobs and dissensions that may develop. Contract footings are considered # 8220 ; cast in concrete, # 8221 ; so attempts to renegociate the contract shortly after it has been signed may non be welcomed.. Business Protocol Dress Code A dark suit and conservative tie for work forces, suit or frock for adult females. Meeting and Greeting Expect a steadfast handshaking ( one or two vigorous pumps ) with direct oculus contact. Some Germans believe that a soft handshaking reflects failing and that deficiency of oculus contact indicates shiftiness, undependability or even dishonesty. To avoid giving the incorrect feeling, East and Southeast Asiatic visitants accustomed to a gentler clasp and less intense regard behaviour should fix themselves consequently. The exchange of concern cards is less formal than in East and Southeast Asia but less insouciant than in North America. Show your card after recognizing your opposite number and agitating custodies. Business Gifts This is non a gift-giving civilization. German negotiants are likely to experience uncomfortable if presented with an expensive gift. If you do wish to convey something little, take a tasteful logo gift or an point your state or part is celebrated for. Asians should non be surprised if their German opposite number unwraps the gift in their presence. Wining and Dining Many Germans prefer to keep a clear separation between their professional and private lives. Although they are first-class hosts, Germans may put less accent on concern amusement than visitants from many relationship-focused civilizations. Do non anticipate to speak concern over Fruhstuck: the # 8220 ; power breakfast # 8221 ; has yet to do an impact in the Federal Republic. When you go out to tiffin or dinner, expect to speak concern before or after instead than during the repast unless your local opposite number takes the enterprise. Your German host may see it impolite to repeatedly urge invitees to eat or imbibe, so be certain to talk up if you wish to hold something that is offered. Do non wait to be asked three times, as is frequently the usage in the Middle East, Brazil and other traditional civilizations. Social Etiquette If invited to a German place for dinner, be certain to accept. Avoid geting early but do demo up within 10s or 15 proceedingss of the clip given. A hostess gift is appropriate, but avoid conveying vino unless it is a good vintage from a top wine-producing country. Flowers make a good Mitbringsel but avoid ruddy roses ( for lovers merely ) and canna lilies or chrysanthemums ( for funerals merely ) . Bringing an uneven figure ( except for 6 or 12 ) but neer 13 and retrieve to undo the corsage before showing it to your hostess. If all those flowered tabus have you confused, a box of high quality cocoas is an first-class option. A adult male precedes a adult female when come ining a saloon, eating house or other public topographic point and walks to the lady # 8217 ; s left when out-of-doorss. It is polite to stand when a adult female, older individual or an person of high rank enters the room. Germans take concern really earnestly and anticipate their opposite numbers to make the same. Competence more than connexions is the cardinal to concern success in Germany. 33c

The Algonquin Cinderella vs. Tam and Cam Essay Example

The Algonquin Cinderella vs. Tam and Cam Paper The Algonquin Cinderella vs. Tam and Cam Cinderella is one of the most popular characters in the fairy tales stories. More than fifteen versions of this story exist in different countries. There are two famous versions of this story among adults and children, they are The Algonquin Cinderella (Native Americans version) and Tom and Cam (Vietnameses version). These stories convey the same message that good will always defeat the evil. However, the Algonquin Cinderella and Tom and Cam stories differ in their aspects of belief, magic, and their ending. In the Native American version of Cinderella, the belief in omens beauty and appearance is emphasized. The Cinderella in this story was very small, weak, and often ill. She was treated so harshly by her older sisters. They burnt her hands and her feet with hot cinders without any reason, and it left many scars all over her body. As a result, many people called her the rough faced girl. When she was willing to see the Invisible One, an ideal man for every woman in that village, her sisters and all the people in the village shouted and hooted, hissed and yelled at her. We will write a custom essay sample on The Algonquin Cinderella vs. Tam and Cam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Algonquin Cinderella vs. Tam and Cam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Algonquin Cinderella vs. Tam and Cam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer No one could believe that the rough faced girl could see the Invisible One even though she was ugly and had rough face. On the other hand, the belief in the Vietnamese version of the Cinderella story has a big difference with the Native Americans version. In the Vietnamese version, Tam and Cam, Buddha was a form for their belief. In this story, Tam was the Cinderella, and Cam was the stepsister. When Tam had a rough time, Buddha always came to help her. Vietnamese people had known Buddhism since the second century, and it gave a big influence to their culture, especially to their traditional fairy tale stories. In Buddhism, they teach their isciples about karma and reincarnation which is implied in Tam and Cams story. In this story, it showed that Cam died because of her mean behavior; she killed Tam and took her husband. Cam thought by doing all those things, she would live peacefully. However, it did not turn out like she hoped for which is a good example of karma according to Buddhisms doctrine. Reincarnation was also used in this story several times. When Tam was killed by her stepmother and her stepsister, she reincarnated into a vang anh bird, a green thi tree, and into real her form once again. According to the aspect of magic, the magic happened in the Algonquin Cinderella story after the sister of the Invisible One knew that Cinderella was the only girl that could see his brother. She took that rough faced Cinderella home and bathed her. Now, the rough faced girl turned into a very beautiful woman. As she did so, all the scars disappeared from her body. Her hair grew again, as it was combed, long, like a blackbirds wing. Her eyes were now like stars: in all the world there was no other such beauty. (par 28). However, in Tam and Cams version, the magic is slightly different from the Algonquin Cinderella story. In Tam and Cams version, the magic happened by Buddhas help. When Tam was upset that she did not have anything to wear to the festival, Buddha came to her and ask her to open the four Jars that she had buried before. When she opened them, she found a beautiful silk dress, a pair of embroidered shoes, a miniature horse, and a richly ornamented saddle and bridle. The magic also happened when Buddha asked the basketful of unhusked rice. Moreover, the ending of the Algonquin Cinderella story is a happy ending. The Cinderella who used to be a poor little girl and got treated harshly by her sisters turned into a very beautiful woman. She was also able o see the Invisible One because of her pure heart, and she had the opportunity to become his wife. Meanwhile, the Cinderellas sisters were rejected by Invisible Ones sister because they were lying about their sight of seeing her brother. On the other hand, the ending for the Tam and Cams story is different with the Algonquin Cinderella story. The antagonist characters in this Vietnamese version died because of their bad behavior. Cam was killed with the boiling water. Tam also cooked her body into mam with a rich sauce and sent it to her stepmother, saying that was a present from her daughter. par 65). The stepmother died because she was very shocked after she found out that meal was her daughters meat. when the Jar of mam was nearly empty, she saw her daughters skull and fell down dead. (par 67) Thus, the Algonquin Cinderella and Tam and Cam stories share the same message that good always defeat the evil, but they are different in their aspects of belief, magic, and their ending. These two stories have their own unique concepts base on their culture and society from each country, but in some ways, they have the same meaning and lessons as the original story of the Cinderella.